"Hurricane" Engine

Specs and Photos of the Willys F-134 4-cylinder

One of the cars that put the roar in the Roaring 20's was John North Willys' 1926 Overland Whippet with its new 4-cylinder engine, which later became the basis of the "Go-Devil" engine used in the jeeps of World War II. The similar but taller "Hurricane" F-head engine, which Willys began putting in its larger vehicles in 1949, had the same 134 cu.in. (2.2 liter) displacement, but had its intake valves in the head rather than the engine block. The "F" is simply the shape of the up-and-down valve arrangement (150K JPEG).

The first 1/4-ton Jeep big enough for the new engine was the military M38A1 in 1951. The first civilian Universal Jeep with the Hurricane engine was the new "high-hood" 1953 CJ-3B. Seen here with an early F-134 is Willys-Overland chief engineer Delmar G. "Barney" Roos, who played an important role in the development of both the Hurricane and its predecessor the Go-Devil.

Maintenance Part Numbers

• Rotor cap: Prestolite IAT 1041
• Ignition points: Standard AL 4556P or #AL4556XP (the difference between P and XP is the quality.)
• Points: NAPA CS725A or CS709
• Condenser: NAPA AL 869 or AL 868 (with wire or with copper strap)
• Cap: NAPA AL70
• Rotor: NAPA AL69
• Fan belt: Dayco 22425.
• Oil Filter: Fram C-3P. Wix 51010 or NAPA 1010 or 1006 (1011 is same filter with 2 different size gaskets.) 1980's Mercedes-Benz diesels used the same filter.
• Sparkplugs: Autolite 295, NGK B6S or Champion J8. A current Champion 841 (J8C) is suitable. Modern resistor-type plugs don't perform well on older engines.
• 6-volt Battery: Auto-Lite 1M-100, 100 AmpHour (H 8 5/8" x W 7" x L 8 23/32")
• 12-volt Battery: Auto-Lite 11-HS, 50 AmpHour (H 9 7/32" x W 6 25/32" x L 10 15/64")

Specifications

• Spark plug gap: 0.030 in. (0.762 mm)
• Spark plug torque: 25-33 lbs. ft. (34-44 Nm)
• Firing order: 1-3-4-2
• Distributor rotation: Counterclockwise
• Point gap: 0.020 in. (Prestolite)
• Dwell angle: 42 degrees
• Ignition timing: 5 degrees BTDC

• Bore and stroke :3 1/8 in. x 4 3/8 in. (79.37 mm x 111.12 mm)
• SAE Horsepower: 15.63
• Weight: 470 lbs. with fluids (Jeep Bible, Granville King)
• Max. Horsepower: 72 @ 4000 R.P.M. (71 @ 4000 R.P.M. on military M606s)
• Torque: 114 lbs. ft. (15.7 kg-m) @ 2000 R.P.M. (111 lbs. ft. @ 2200R.P.M. on military M606s)
• Compression pressure: 120-130 psi (8.4-9.2 kg-cm2)
• Compression ratio: 6.9:1 (7.4:1 high altitude option).
   
  
• Valves: 2-in. intake valves in head, exhaust valves in block.
• Valve clearances:
     Intake: 0.018 in.
     Exhaust: 0.016 in.
• Idle speed:
    YF-938-SD carburetor: 600 rpm
    YF-4002-S carburetor: 650-700 rpm
    YF-4366-S, YF-4941-S, or YF-6115-S:
       IAY-4401A distributor: 650-700 rpm
       IAY-4401B distributor: 700-750 rpm

Surviving examples suggest the engines were painted black, often with an orange sealant coat underneath. Further information on paint is welcome.
 

Publications Including Further Specs

• Willys Service Bulletin 52-77 gives preliminary information on the CJ-3B as of December 1952:
  • PCV system and YF carb (180K JPEG)
  • Tune-up specs (140K JPEG)
• F4-134 Engine Specifications (100K GIF) is the complete specs from the Kaiser Jeep Universal Service Manual (1965)
• Willys Service Standards, 1952-54 Models for engine specs and tolerances.
• Willys Four: A.E.A. Adjustment Standards, 1960 for tuneup part numbers and standards.
• Chek-Chart Willys 4 Service Instructions for maintenance and lubrication specs.

Engine Numbers

The F-134 engine number (beginning with the prefix 4J for original CJ-3B engines) is found on the water pump boss (230K JPEG) on the front of the block. Letters following the engine number indicate odd-sized parts:

• A: 0.010" undersized main and connecting rod bearings
• B: 0.010" oversized cylinder bore
• AB: both of the above
• C: 0.002" undersized piston pin
• D: 0.010" undersized main bearing journals
• E: 0.010" undersized connecting rod bearing journals

Engine Photos on CJ3B.info

Here are direct links to some of the F-head photos on this website. For more information on a particular owner's Jeep below, use the Search page, or look on Jeep CJ-3B Owners and Photos. Thanks to Brian McCarthy for the two photos seen here.

• Ed Wilson's '54 (left side, with yellow details)
• Pat McIntyre's '59 (orange, right side)
• Don Hull's '60 (left side, before)
• Don Hull's '60 (left side, after)
• Don Hull's '60 (oilpan removal)
• Alan DeLarge's '64 (from above)
• Jeff Tornyos' '53 (radiator removed)
• Vagner Beraldo's '54 (right, red)
• William Barrow's '54 (right)
• Steven J. Epstein's '54 (right, with hydraulic pump)
• Marcus Kuchler's '55 (right, repainted)
• Chet Couvillon's '65 (left)
   
• Marcel Vila's chromed '55
• Doug Anderson's '60 (left)
• Doug Anderson's '60 (right)
• Miguel Onofre's '55 (front)
• Miguel Onofre's '55 (left side without manifold)
• John Ittel's '53 (right side)
• John Ittel's '53 (left with governor)
• Pat Mcintyre's rebuilt '59 in orange (right side)
• Pat Mcintyre's rebuilt '59 (left rear)

• Kim Boehm's restored '61 (left side)
• Kim Boehm's restored '61 (right side)
• Keith Hepper's rebuilt '54 (right side)
• Keith Hepper's rebuilt '54 (left side)
• Rankine Roth's '60 (left)
• Rankine Roth's '60 (right)
• Rankine Roth's '60(right without radiator)
• Brett Chitwood's '64 (right)
• Brett Chitwood's '64 (left)
• Randy Merritt's '62 (front)
• Adam Charnok's '63 (left)
• Adam Charnok's '63 (right)
• Steve Chabot's '59 (left)
• Richard Laflamme's '53 (left)
• William Mentz's '62 (front)
• Clint Spaar's '54 (right)
• Piet Versleijen's '56 (restored, left)
• Piet Versleijen's '56 (restored, right)
• Piet Versleijen's '56 (original, left)
• Piet Versleijen's '56 (original, right)

See also Eric Lawson's photos of an F-head Engine Rebuild and Rus Curtis' photos of 1955 CJ-3B Details.
 

Illustrations in Willys Literature

• Partial Cutaway (left, from export brochure, 1953)
• Side Illustration (from Facts for Service Stations, 1953)
• Side Cutaway View
• Front Cutaway View
• Internal Parts, Exploded View
• External Parts, Exploded View (all from CJ-3B Parts Illustrations)

Thanks to Wes K., Oldtime, Bruce Agan and all the photographers, including Jim Allen, Tom Edwards and Tony Phillipson.

See also my cartoon "Arrival of the F-heads". -- Derek Redmond

For more engine information on CJ3B.info, see F4-134 Engine Horsepower and Torque and lots of pages of Tech Tips including the F-head Engine Rebuild.

Elsewhere on the web, see Paul Niedermeyer's article Automotive History: The Curious F-Head Engine.

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